Papers

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution is a fundamental concept in TCM theory. It is determined by multimodal TCM clinical features which, in turn, are obtained from TCM clinical information of image (face, tongue, etc.), audio (pulse and voice), and text (inquiry) modality. The auto assessment of TCM constitution is faced with two major challenges: (1) learning discriminative TCM clinical feature representations; (2) jointly processing the features using multimodal fusion techniques. The TCM Constitution Assessment System (TCM-CAS) is proposed to provide an end-to-end solution to this task, along with auxiliary functions to aid TCM researchers. To improve the results of TCM constitution prediction, the system combines multiple machine learning algorithms such as facial landmark detection, image segmentation, graph neural networks and multimodal fusion. Extensive experiments are conducted on a four-category multimodal TCM constitution dataset, and the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy. Provided with datasets containing annotations of diseases, the system can also perform automatic disease diagnosis from a TCM perspective.

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In this work, we present SenTag, a lightweight web-based tool focused on semantic annotation of textual documents. The platform allows multiple users to work on a corpus of documents. The tool enables to tag a corpus of documents through an intuitive and easy-to-use user interface that adopts the Extensible Markup Language (XML) as output format. The main goal of the application is two-fold: facilitating the tagging process and reducing or avoiding errors in the output documents. It allows also to identify arguments and other entities that are used to build an arguments graph. It is also possible to assess the level of agreement of annotators working on a corpus of text.

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We argue that the dominant approach to explainable AI for explaining image classification, annotating images with heatmaps, provides little value for users unfamiliar with deep learning. We argue that explainable AI for images should produce output like experts produce when communicating with one another, with apprentices, and with novices. We provide an expanded set of goals of explainable AI systems and propose a Turing Test for explainable AI.

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While Math Word Problem (MWP) solving has emerged as a popular field of study and made great progress in recent years, most existing methods are benchmarked solely on one or two datasets and implemented with different configurations. In this paper, we introduce the first open-source library for solving MWPs called MWPToolkit, which provides a unified, comprehensive, and extensible framework for the research purpose. Specifically, we deploy 17 deep learning-based MWP solvers and 6 MWP datasets in our toolkit. These MWP solvers are advanced models for MWP solving, covering the categories of Seq2seq, Seq2Tree, Graph2Tree, and Pre-trained Language Models. And these MWP datasets are popular datasets that are commonly used as benchmarks in existing work. Our toolkit is featured with highly modularized and reusable components, which can help researchers quickly get started and develop their own models. We have released the code and documentation of MWPToolkit in https://github.com/LYH-YF/MWPToolkit.

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Lexical Semantic Change (LSC) detection, also known as Semantic Shift, is the process of identifying and characterizing variations in language usage across different scenarios such as time and domain. It allows us to track the evolution of word senses, as well as to understand the difference between the language used in distinct communities. LSC detection is often done by applying a distance measure over vectors of two aligned word embedding matrices. In this demonstration, we present SenSE, an interactive semantic shift exploration toolkit that provides visualization and explanation of lexical semantic change for an input pair of text sources. Our system focuses on showing how the different alignment strategies may affect the output of an LSC model as well as on explaining semantic change based on the neighbors of a chosen target word, while also extracting examples of sentences where these semantic deviations appear. The system runs as a web application (available at http://sense.mgruppi.me), allowing the audience to interact by configuring the alignment strategies while visualizing the results in a web browser.

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This paper tries to resolve long waiting time to find a matching person in player versus player mode of online sports games, such as baseball, soccer and basketball. In player versus player mode, game playing AI which is instead of player needs to be not just smart as human but also show variety to improve user experience against AI. Therefore a need to design game playing AI agents with diverse personalized styles rises. To this end, we propose a personalized game AI which encodes user style vectors and card style vectors with a general DNN, named UCSM-DNN. Extensive experiments show that UCSM-DNN shows improved performance in terms of personalized styles, which enrich user experiences. UCSM-DNN has already been integrated into popular mobile baseball game: MaguMagu 2021 as personalized game AI.

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We present PantheonRL, a multiagent reinforcement learning software package for dynamic training interactions such as round-robin, adaptive, and ad-hoc training. Our package is designed around flexible agent objects that can be easily configured to support different training interactions, and handles fully general multiagent environments with mixed rewards and n agents. Built on top of StableBaselines3, our package works directly with existing powerful deep RL algorithms. Finally, PantheonRL comes with an intuitive yet functional web user interface for configuring experiments and launching multiple asynchronous jobs. Our package can be found at https://github.com/Stanford-ILIAD/PantheonRL.

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Existing facial analysis systems have been shown to yield biased results against certain demographic subgroups. Due to its impact on society, it has become imperative to ensure that these systems do not discriminate based on gender, identity, or skin tone of individuals. This has led to research in the identification and mitigation of bias in AI systems. In this paper, we encapsulate bias detection/estimation and mitigation algorithms for facial analysis. Our main contributions include a systematic review of algorithms proposed for understanding bias, along with a taxonomy and extensive overview of existing bias mitigation algorithms. We also discuss open challenges in the field of biased facial analysis.

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The ubiquity of recommender systems has increased the need for higher-bandwidth, natural and efficient communication with users. This need is increasingly filled by recommenders that support natural language interaction, often conversationally. Given the inherent semantic subjectivity present in natural language, we argue that modeling subjective attributes in recommenders is a critical, yet understudied, avenue of AI research. We propose a novel framework for understanding different forms of subjectivity, examine various recommender tasks that will benefit from a systematic treatment of subjective attributes, and outline a number of research challenges.

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In recent years, the automation of machine learning and data science (AutoML) has attracted significant attention. One under-explored dimension of AutoML is being able to automatically utilize domain knowledge (such as semantic concepts and relationships) located in historical code or literature from the problem's domain. In this paper, we demonstrate Semantic Feature Discovery, which enables users to interactively explore features semantically discovered from existing data science code and external knowledge. It does so by detecting semantic concepts for a given dataset, and then using these concepts to determine relevant feature engineering operations from historical code and knowledge.

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While commonsense knowledge acquisition and reasoning has traditionally been a core research topic in the knowledge representation and reasoning community, recent years have seen a surge of interest in the natural language processing community in developing pre-trained models and testing their ability to address a variety of newly designed commonsense knowledge reasoning and generation tasks. This paper presents a survey of these tasks, discusses the strengths and weaknesses of state-of-the-art pre-trained models for commonsense reasoning and generation as revealed by these tasks, and reflects on future research directions.

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Conceptual representations of meaning have long been the general focus of Artificial Intelligence (AI) towards the fundamental goal of machine understanding, with innumerable efforts made in Knowledge Representation, Speech and Natural Language Processing, Computer Vision, inter alia. Even today, at the core of Natural Language Understanding lies the task of Semantic Parsing, the objective of which is to convert natural sentences into machine-readable representations. Through this paper, we aim to revamp the historical dream of AI, by putting forward a novel, all-embracing, fully semantic meaning representation, that goes beyond the many existing formalisms. Indeed, we tackle their key limits by fully abstracting text into meaning and introducing language-independent concepts and semantic relations, in order to obtain an interlingual representation. Our proposal aims to overcome the language barrier, and connect not only texts across languages, but also images, videos, speech and sound, and logical formulas, across many fields of AI.

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Recent breakthroughs in AI have shown the remarkable power of deep learning and deep reinforcement learning. These developments, however, have been tied to specific tasks, and progress in out-of-distribution generalization has been limited. While it is assumed that these limitations can be overcome by incorporating suitable inductive biases, the notion of inductive biases itself is often left vague and does not provide meaningful guidance. In the paper, I articulate a different learning approach where representations do not emerge from biases in a neural architecture but are learned over a given target language with a known semantics. The basic ideas are implicit in mainstream AI where representations have been encoded in languages ranging from fragments of first-order logic to probabilistic structural causal models. The challenge is to learn from data the representations that have traditionally been crafted by hand. Generalization is then a result of the semantics of the language. The goals of this paper are to make these ideas explicit, to place them in a broader context where the design of the target language is crucial, and to illustrate them in the context of learning to act and plan. For this, after a general discussion, I consider learning representations of actions, general policies, and subgoals ("intrinsic rewards"). In these cases, learning is formulated as a combinatorial problem but nothing prevents the use of deep learning techniques instead. Indeed, learning representations over languages with a known semantics provides an account of what is to be learned, while learning representations with neural nets provides a complementary account of how representations can be learned. The challenge and the opportunity is to bring the two together.

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